Chapter 3: Nasal and Sinus Problems and Solutions
Common nasal and sinus problems include:
- Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull. Sinusitis can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus. Symptoms include facial pain, pressure, and congestion; a runny nose; and fever.
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever): An allergic reaction to pollen, dust mites, or other allergens. Symptoms include sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, and congestion.
- Nasal polyps: Soft, noncancerous growths that form in the lining of the nose or sinuses. Nasal polyps can cause congestion, postnasal drip, and loss of smell and taste.
- Deviated septum: A condition in which the nasal septum, the wall that divides the nose into two halves, is crooked. A deviated septum can cause congestion, difficulty breathing, and nosebleeds.
Other nasal and sinus problems include:
- Nasal tumors: Rare growths that can form in the nose or sinuses.
- Nasal fractures: Breaks in the bones of the nose.
- Nasal foreign bodies: Objects that get stuck in the nose.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak: A condition in which CSF, the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, leaks out through the nose.
Symptoms of nasal and sinus problems
The symptoms of nasal and sinus problems can vary depending on the underlying cause. However, some common symptoms include:
- Runny nose
- Stuffy nose
- Facial pain or pressure
- Headache
- Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the throat)
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Bad breath
- Decreased sense of smell and taste
- Fever
Treatment for nasal and sinus problems
Treatment for nasal and sinus problems also depends on the underlying cause. However, some common treatments include:
- Over-the-counter medications: Decongestants, antihistamines, and pain relievers can help to relieve the symptoms of nasal and sinus problems.
- Saline nasal sprays: Rinsing the nose with saline can help to remove mucus and allergens.
- Prescription medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial sinusitis. Nasal corticosteroids may be prescribed to treat allergic rhinitis.
- Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to treat some nasal and sinus problems, such as nasal polyps, deviated septum, and CSF leaks.
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms of nasal and sinus problems, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment plan.